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Growing Degree-Days of Insects Affecting Woody Ornamental Plants
Fact Sheets > General
IPM > Growing Degreee-Days of Insects
This information was provided by Dr. Warren T. Johnson,
Department of Entomology, Cornell University. The work is a result
of 20 years of observations from Long Island, New York. The numbers
should be used as a guideline and any IPM program should rely on scouting
in the field to determine the level of pest infestations prior to
applying any control measures.
|
Common Name |
Scientific Name |
Dormant2 |
Stage3 |
GDD1
|
| Min4 |
Max |
|
Aphids |
Several species |
*
* |
E
N,A |
7
135 |
120
250 |
|
Arborvitae leafminers |
Argyresthia spp.
Argyresthia spp. (Soil Tr't) |
|
A
L
L
L |
533
150
1800
1700 |
700
260
2200
2100 |
|
Azalea leafminer |
Caloptilia azaleela |
|
L
L |
450
1260 |
800
1500 |
|
Azalea whitefly |
Pealius azaleae |
|
N,A
N,A
N,A |
448
1250
2032 |
700
1500
2150 |
|
Bagworm |
Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis |
|
L |
600 |
900 |
|
Balsam gall midge |
Paradiplosis tumifex |
|
L |
120 |
290 |
|
Balsam twig aphid |
Mindarus abietinus |
* |
N |
58 |
120 |
|
Beech Scale |
Cryptococcus fagisuga |
* |
|
|
|
|
Birch leafminer |
Fenusa pusilla |
|
L
L |
190
530 |
290
700 |
|
Birch skeletonizer |
Buccalatrix canadensisella |
|
L |
1266 |
1580 |
|
Boxwood leafminer |
Monarthropalpus buxi |
|
L |
448 |
700 |
|
Boxwood mite |
Eurytetranychus buxi |
* |
E,N,LA |
245 |
600 |
|
Boxwood psyllid |
Psylla buxi |
|
A |
290 |
440 |
|
Bronze birch borer |
Agrilus anxius |
|
L |
440 |
800 |
|
Cankerworms (inch worms) |
|
|
L |
148 |
290 |
|
Cooley spruce gall adelgid |
Adelges cooleyi - on Fir
Adelges cooleyi - on Spruce |
*
*
|
N,A
N,A
N,A
N,A |
1500
120
1500
22 |
1775
190
1775
92 |
|
Cottony maple scale |
Pulvinaria innumerabilis |
* |
C |
802 |
1265 |
|
Cottony taxus scale |
Pulvinaria floccifera |
*
|
C
N |
802
7 |
1388
91 |
|
Dogwood borer |
Synanthedon scitula |
|
A |
148 |
700 |
|
Eastern tent caterpillar |
Malacosma americanum |
|
L |
90 |
190 |
|
Elm bark beetles |
Scolytus sp., Hylurgopinus sp. |
|
A |
7 |
120 |
|
Elm leaf beetle |
Xanthogaleruca luteola |
|
L |
363 |
912 |
|
Elongate hemlock scale |
Fiorinia externa |
*
|
A
C
A |
2515
360
7 |
2625
700
120 |
|
Euonymus scale |
Unaspis euonymi |
*
|
C
N |
533
35 |
820
120 |
|
European fruit lecanium |
Parthenolecanium corni |
*
|
C
N |
1266
35 |
1645
145 |
|
European pine shoot moth |
Rhyacionia buoliana |
|
L |
34 |
121 |
|
European red mite |
Panonychus ulmi |
*
|
E,L,N,A
E |
240
7 |
810
58 |
|
Fall webworm |
Hyphantria cunea |
|
E |
1266 |
1795 |
|
Fletcher scale |
Parthenolecanium fletcheri |
*
|
C
C
N |
1029
2515
35 |
1388
2800
148 |
|
Fruitree leafroller |
Archips argyrospilus |
|
L |
300 |
318 |
|
Gypsy moth |
Lymantria dispar |
|
L |
90 |
448 |
|
Hemlock eriophyid mite |
Nalepella tsugifolia |
* |
E,L,N,A |
7 |
22 |
|
Hemlock scale |
Abgrallaspis ithacae |
*
|
C
N |
1388
35 |
2154
121 |
|
Hemlock woolly adelgid |
Adelges tsugae |
* |
|
|
|
|
Hickory leaf stem gall phyllo. |
Phylloxera carvaecaulis |
|
N |
91 |
246 |
|
Holly leafminer (Leaf Tr't) |
Phytomyza ilicis |
|
L,A |
246 |
448 |
|
Holly leafminer (Soil Tr't) |
Phytomyza ilicis |
|
L |
192 |
290 |
|
Honeylocust mite |
Eotetranychus multidigituli |
* |
E,L,N,A |
912 |
1514 |
|
Honeylocust plant bug |
Diaphnocoris chlorionis |
|
N,A |
58 |
246 |
|
Honeylocust pod gall midge |
Dasineura gleditschiae |
|
L |
192 |
229 |
|
Honeysuckle aphid |
Hyadophis tataricae |
* |
|
|
|
|
Imported willow leaf beetle |
Plagiodera versicolora |
|
L,A |
192 |
448 |
|
Japanese beetle |
Popillia japonica |
|
A |
1029 |
2154 |
|
Juniper scale |
Carulaspis juniperi |
*
|
C
N |
707
22 |
1260
148 |
|
Juniper webworm |
Dichomeris marginella |
|
L |
1645 |
1917 |
|
Kermes oak scales |
Allokermes spp. |
*
|
C
N |
298
7 |
912
91 |
|
Lace bugs |
Corythuca spp
Stephanitis spp. |
|
N,A
N,A
N,A
N,A |
239
1266
448
802 |
363
1544
618
1029 |
|
Leafhoppers |
Several species |
|
N,A
N,A
N,A |
618
1266
1917 |
802
1514
2155 |
|
Lilac borer |
Podosesia syringae |
|
L |
148 |
299 |
|
Locust borer |
Magacyllene robiniae |
|
L,A |
2271 |
2805 |
|
Locust leafminer |
Odontota dorsalis |
|
A
A |
298
1029 |
533
1388 |
|
Magnolia scale |
Neolecanium cornuparvum |
*
|
C
C
N |
246
2155
22 |
448
2800
91 |
|
Maple bladdergall mite |
Vasates quadripedes |
*
|
N,A
N,A |
98
58 |
155
148 |
|
Mountain ash sawfly |
Pristiphora geniculata |
|
L |
448 |
707 |
|
Nantucket pine tip moth |
Rhyacionia frustrana |
|
L
L |
121
1514 |
448
1917 |
|
Native holly leafminer |
Phytomyza iliciola |
|
L
L |
192
1029 |
298
1266 |
|
Oak blotch leafminers |
Cameraria spp., Tischeria spp. |
|
L |
533 |
912 |
|
Oak leaftier |
Croesia semipurpurana |
|
L |
7 |
35 |
|
Oak skeletonizer |
Bucculatrix ainsliella |
|
L
L |
448
1798 |
707
2155 |
|
Oak spider mite |
Oligonychus bicolor |
*
* |
E,L,N,A |
802 |
1266 |
|
Oystershell scale |
Lepidosaphes ulmi |
*
|
C
E |
363
7 |
707
91 |
|
Pales weevil |
Hylobius pales |
|
A |
7 |
121 |
|
Peachtree borer |
Synanthedon exitiosa |
|
L |
1500 |
1800 |
|
Pine bark adelgid |
Pineus strobi |
*
|
E,C,A
E,C,A |
58
22 |
618
58 |
|
Pine eriophyid mites |
Eriophyidae |
* |
E,L,N,A |
298 |
533 |
|
Pine needle miner |
Exoteleia pinifoliella |
|
L,A |
448 |
802 |
|
Pine needle scale |
Chionaspis pinifoliae |
*
|
C
C |
1388
298 |
1917
448 |
|
Pine root collar weevil |
Hylobius radicis |
|
L,A |
618 |
912 |
|
Pine sawflies |
Diprion spp., Neodiprion spp. |
|
L |
246 |
1388 |
|
Pine tube moth |
Argyrotaenia pinatubana |
|
L
L |
91
1151 |
246
1514 |
|
Pine webworm |
Tetralopha robustella |
|
L |
802 |
2000 |
|
Pitch twig moth |
Petrova comstockiana |
|
L |
298 |
707 |
|
Privit rust mite |
Aculus ligustri |
*
|
E,L,N,A
E,L,N,A |
1266
298 |
1515
802 |
|
Privit thrips |
Dendrothrips ornatus |
|
L,A
L,A |
192
1029 |
618
1266 |
|
Rhododendron borer |
Synanthedon rhododendri |
|
L |
533 |
707 |
|
Rhododendron gall midge |
Clinodiplosis rhododendri |
|
L |
192 |
363 |
|
Rhododendron stem borer |
Oberea myops |
|
A |
298 |
802 |
|
Rose chafer |
Macrodactylus subspinosus |
|
A |
448 |
802 |
|
Roundheaded apple tree borer |
Saperda candida |
|
A
A |
802
1514 |
1029
1798 |
|
Rust mites |
Eriophyidae |
*
|
E,L,N,A
E,L,N,A |
1644
533 |
2033
802 |
|
Sassafrass weevil |
Odontopus calceatus |
|
L,A |
363 |
618 |
|
Snowball aphid |
Neoceruraphis viburnicola |
|
N,A |
148 |
298 |
|
Southern red mite |
Oligonychus ilicis |
*
|
E,L,N,A
E,L,N,A
E |
246
618
7 |
363
802
91 |
|
Spruce needle miner |
Endothenia albolineane |
|
L |
448 |
802 |
|
Spruce spider mite |
Oligonychus ununguis |
*
|
E,L,N,A
E,L,N,A
E,L |
192
2375
7 |
363
2806
121 |
|
Sugar maple borer |
Glycobius speciosus |
|
A |
2032 |
2375 |
|
Taxus bud mite |
Cedidophyopsis psilaspis |
|
E,L,N,A
E,L,N,A |
148
707 |
448
912 |
|
Taxus mealybug |
Dysmicoccus wistariae |
*
|
N
N |
246
7 |
618
91 |
|
Tuliptree aphid |
Macrosiphum liriodendri |
|
N
N |
1151
1917 |
1514
2033 |
|
Tuliptree scale |
Toumeyella liriodendri |
*
|
C
N |
2032
12 |
2629
121 |
|
Tussock moths |
Halysidota tesselaris |
|
L
L |
192
2145 |
298
2516 |
|
Towbanded Japanese weevil |
Callirhopalus bifasciatus |
|
A |
1644 |
2271 |
|
Twospotted spider mite |
Tetranychus urticae |
* |
E,L,N,A |
363 |
618 |
|
White pine aphid |
Cinara strobi |
*
|
A
N,A
TE |
1917
121
7 |
2271
246
121 |
|
White pine weevil |
Pissodes strobi |
|
A |
7 |
58 |
|
White prunicola scale |
Pseudaulacaspis prinicola |
* |
C |
707 |
1151 |
|
Willow twig aphids |
Lachnus spp. |
|
N,A |
1644 |
2271 |
|
Woolly beech aphids |
Grylloprociphilus imbricator
Phyllaphis fagi |
|
N,A
N,A |
363
363 |
707
707 |
|
Woolly elm aphid |
Erisoma americanum |
|
N |
121 |
246 |
|
Zimmerman pine moth |
Dioryctria zimmermani |
|
L
TL |
121
1917 |
246
2154 |
1If more than one range of numbers appears,
this is indicative of multiple generations and/or control periods
in an insect's life cycle. (back)
2If an asterisk (*) appears in this column,
then a treatment with horticultural oil at a 3% application rate during
the dormant season (before bud bread) would be appropriate providing
a pest problem is present. Some plant species may be sensitive to
oil. Check the label for any precautions. (back)
3A = adult; C = crawler; E = egg; L =
larvae; N = nymph. (back)
4If plant growth (indicated by bug swell)
has begun and a horticultural oil is to be used then the summer application
rate of 1% to 2% oil (use 1% rate for conifers) is recommended. Apply
the same precautions as in footnote 2. (back)
11/92
Revised 5/00
Complied by: Tom Kowalsick, Extension Educator-Horticulture
Cornell Cooperative Extension-Suffolk County
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